Protocolo de atendimento odontológico a pacientes usuários de terapia antitrombótica / Dental care protocol for patients using antithrombotic therapy

Muitos pacientes que necessitam de intervenção odontológica, atualmente, são usuários de terapia medicamentosa antitrombótica. Essa condição se mostra prevalente, considerando que problemas cardiovasculares afetam grande parte da população. Objetivo: construir um protocolo clínico para o Serviço de Odontologia e Estomatologia do Hospital das Clínicas de Ribeirão Preto da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo, a partir de evidências científicas. Revisão de literatura: foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica nas bases de dados eletrônicas Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SciELO) e Public MedLine (PubMed), nos idiomas português e inglês, do período entre 2013 e 2017. Após obtenção dos periódicos, foram selecionados os que se tratavam de estudos clínicos e seguiu-se com tradução, leitura e análise dos artigos. Com base nas evidências científicas, optou-se por construir o protocolo a partir da classe de medicamento utilizada pelos usuários de terapia antitrombótica (antiagregantes plaquetários, anticoagulantes orais e novos anticoagulantes orais) e orientações (pré, intra e pós-operatórias) para cada procedimento odontológico. Considerações finais: o protocolo clínico estabeleceu parâmetros para condutas clínicas e cirúrgicas em atendimento ambulatorial e hospitalar, possibilitando o cuidado integral aos usuários de terapia antitrombótica. Futuros estudos clínicos são necessários para validação e adequação para seu uso em diferentes serviços. (AU)

Several patients who require dental intervention are current users of antithrombotic drug therapy. This condition is prevalent, considering that cardiovascular problems affect a large portion of the population. Objective: this study aimed to construct a clinical protocol for the Service of Dentistry and Stomatology of the Clinics Hospital of Ribeirão Preto from the Medical School of Ribeirão Preto of the University of São Paulo, Brazil, based on scientific evidence. Literature review: a bibliographic review was performed in the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) and Public MedLine (PubMed) electronic databases, in the Portuguese and English languages, for the period of 2013 through 2017. After obtaining the journals, the clinical studies were selected, followed by the translation, reading, and analysis of the articles. Based on the scientific evidence, we decided to build the protocol from the class of medication of the users of antithrombotic therapy (antiplatelet agents, oral anticoagulants, and new oral anticoagulants), and guidelines (pre-, intra-, and postoperative) for each dental procedure. Final considerations: the clinical protocol established parameters for clinical and surgical procedures in outpatient and hospital care, allowing comprehensive care to users of antithrombotic therapy. Further clinical studies are required to validate and adequate the use of this therapy in different services. (AU)

Can fasting plasma glucose and glycated hemoglobin levels predict oral complications following invasive dental procedures in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus? A preliminary case-control study

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of the levels of glycemic control on the frequency of clinical complications following invasive dental treatments in type 2 diabetic patients and suggest appropriate levels of fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin considered to be safe to avoid these complications. METHOD: Type 2 diabetic patients and non-diabetic patients were selected and divided into three groups. Group I consisted of 13 type 2 diabetic patients with adequate glycemic control (fasting blood glucose levels <140 mg/dl and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels <7%). Group II consisted of 15 type 2 diabetic patients with inadequate glycemic control (fasting blood glucose levels >140 mg/dl and HbA1c levels >7%). Group III consisted of 18 non-diabetic patients (no symptoms and fasting blood glucose levels <100 mg/dl). The levels of fasting blood glucose, glycated HbA1c, and fingerstick capillary glycemia were evaluated in diabetic patients prior to performing dental procedures. Seven days after the dental procedure, the frequency of clinical complications (surgery site infections and systemic infections) was examined and compared between the three study groups. In addition, correlations between the occurrence of these outcomes and the glycemic control of diabetes mellitus were evaluated. RESULTS: The frequency of clinical outcomes was low (4/43; 8.6%), and no significant differences between the outcome frequencies of the various study groups were observed (p>0.05). However, a significant association was observed between clinical complications and dental extractions (p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Because of the low frequency of clinical outcomes, it was not possible to determine whether fasting blood glucose or glycated HbA1c levels are important for these clinical outcomes.

The effect of a Lucia jig for 30 minutes on neuromuscular re-programming, in normal subjects

The Lucia jig is a technique that promotes neuromuscular reprogramming of the masticatory system and allows the stabilization of the mandible without the interference of dental contacts, maintaining the mandible position in harmonic condition with the musculature in normal subjects or in patients with temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD). This study aimed to electromyographically analyze the activity (RMS) of the masseter and temporal muscles in normal subjects (control group) during the use of an anterior programming device, the Lucia jig, in place for 0, 5, 10, 20 and 30 minutes to demonstrate its effect on the stomatognathic system. Forty-two healthy dentate individuals (aged 21 to 40 years) with normal occlusion and without parafunctional habits or temporomandibular dysfunction (RDC/TMD) were evaluated on the basis of the electromyographic activity of the masseter and temporal muscles before placement of a neuromuscular re-programming device, the Lucia jig, on the upper central incisors. There were no statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) in the electromyographic activity of the masticatory muscles in the different time periods. The Lucia jig changed the electromyographic activity by promoting a neuromuscular reprogramming. In most of the time periods, it decreased the activation of the masticatory muscles, showing that this device has wide applicability in dentistry. The use of a Lucia jig over 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 minutes did not promote any statistically significant increase in muscle activity despite differences in the data, thus showing that this intra-oral device can be used in dentistry.